10:00-11:00
Learning in Type One Diabetes, The Type One Nation, and The Juvenile Diabetes Research Fund
Student Presentation
Monica Mercado, Sarah White, Jocelynn Reyna, Lisa Muscedere, Brian Ranger

Pennies for pumps is club that is working to develop information and funding for students and community members with type 1 diabetes. The club arranged for a visit to the type one nation conference in Boston on March 2nd, 2019. The club spent time meeting and interviewing patients, their families, and cooperate sponsors that support the Juvenile Diabetes Research Fund (JDRF). Many areas of type one diabetes care were explored and learned about. These included the importance of mindfulness, nutrition, exercise, advocacy, and the role of technology in medication in the type one diabetic patient. These areas will be presented in a video summary and oral presentation format.

1:00-3:00
Student Paper Session

Violent Extremism: Potential In Preemption
Kyle Klimowicz

A critical analysis of U.S. and foreign implemented counter-terrorism programs and policies, provides insight into ongoing sucessful preemption strategies of potentially radicalizing individuals. For law enforcement and social institutions professionals in the education, health care, and religious field; monitoring the behavior of individuals and reporting those of concern, provides a community engaging approach to adequately assessing the risk of individuals. Open source intelligence gathering can provide information that's just as critical to risk assessment as the observations of social institutions. Social media companies with private jurisdiction over what's deemed to fall within the boundaries of tolerale speech on their sites, act as a barrier to perpetuated hate speech that has potential to insinuate violence or further ease radicialzation. Through public polls, individual research studies, and governmental documents, examination will be done on the general public's perspective on government monitoring and surveillance, concerns regarding free speech, and the perceived actions to implement in countering the threat of terrorism.

Predicting Future Protests: Self Driving Cars and Discrimination
Alex Thenin

In the future, ten or twenty years from now fully self-driving cars will be sold. Self-driving cars don’t get tickets, they drive perfectly, park perfectly and respect all traffic laws. A lot of small town with low income get a huge portion of their yearly budget from tickets and fines associated with court. It’s fair to assume that like any new technology self-driving cars will be expensive, thus only people with a large disposable income will be able to afford them. This means that rich neighborhoods could have more self-driving cars, thus less traffic violation, thus less tickets. The police department in those towns who depend on tickets (some of which are currently discriminating) would thus be incentivized to patrol areas that have non-self-driving cars (poor communities), to get more tickets, to get more money for the towns. Thus, the amount of police officers and tickets would increase in poor areas to compensate for the tickets that are not being written in the richer neighborhoods. To support this theory, it would make sense to find town’s that have significant amount of their budget come from tickets. If the number is high enough it makes sense that self-driving cars could lead to this scenario. This scenario in any case will not be the norm.

American Prisons: The Influence of Social Policy on Mass Incarceration and it's Collateral Consequences
Holly Hay, Ryan Flaherty

The United States is the world’s leader in incarceration. About 7 million Americans are under criminal justice supervision, including more than 2.2 million who are in currently incarcerated in the nation’s prisons or jails. This level of mass incarceration was initiated in the 1980 and 1990s in part as a response to gang violence associated with the “war on drugs.” National support for incarceration as the primary mechanism for social control has been sustained over the past 25 years, in spite of dramatic declines in crime. Public policies and criminal justice practices, especially sentencing practices, need to be reformed in order to reduce the scale of mass incarceration as well as the collateral consequences of felony convictions. This paper describes current trends in incarceration and sentencing practices and examines the types of reforms that states have enacted to reduce prison populations, address racial disparities in incarceration, and eliminate barriers to prisoner reentry.

Raise the Age Initiatives: What Explains the Variation between States in the Age of Criminal Responsibility
Bryana Williams

During the current era of criminal justice reform, a number of states legislatures have implemented a variety of criminal and juvenile justice reform initiatives. Recent reforms efforts include ‘change the age’ initiatives which seek to change both the age of responsibility (lower age limit) and the age of majority (legal adulthood). This paper discusses some of these recent changes and investigates state based differences in juveniles’ legal status for criminal court purposes and the social characteristics that may help explain them. Across states, there are a broad range of political, social, cultural and economic differences, and the legal statuses of juveniles also vary. This paper describes these differences and examines the associations between children's legal statuses and important state level differences in social characteristics. The findings suggest that juvenile justice reform initiatives are associated with cultural and social characteristics, but not with differences or changes in rates of juvenile offending.

3:00-4:00
Student Paper Session 2

Effects of External Passive Compression on Stride Length and Running Economy during Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
Gabe Luciani, Hunter Francoeur

An individual’s stride length falls under the category of biomechanics within the field of running economy and can be used to indicate how efficiently someone is able to run over a period of time. This research is proposing a hypothesis that compression socks help the runner to maintain a shorter stride length for a longer duration at higher intensities. It is also hypothesized that as the runner reaches higher intensities close to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) there will be an increase in stride length. This study tested these hypotheses on healthy male and female lacrosse athletes from FPU by having them run a Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPETmax) on a treadmill under three scenarios on different days. The first scenario was running with graduated compression socks, the second was with non-graduated compression socks, and the third was with a placebo pair of ankle to knee socks. All of these tests were randomized and counterbalanced to account for individuals expecting to run with socks or no socks. As previously hypothesized, it is expected that: (1) stride length will decrease by wearing compression socks compared with conventional and placebo conditions; and (2) at higher intensities close to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), stride length will increase which in both cases affect running economy.

The Placebo Effect: Do Graduated Compression Socks Affect Foot Strike Pattern?
Bailey Fernandes, Anthony Barinelli

The metabolic demand needed to run is determined in some part by how efficient an individual’s running economy is. Running economy can be defined as the energetic demand required for running at a given speed. There are many factors that play into running economy such as biomechanics, psyche, and physiological abilities. This research is examining the biomechanical factors while running which include the foot strike of our participants; with a purpose of determining whether or not socks have an effect on our population’s running economy and biomechanics. It was hypothesized that wearing graduated compression socks alter foot strike pattern in a beneficial way improving running economy. With this improvement they would be able to run for a longer duration compared to conventional everyday wear socks and placebo ankle to knee socks. In this study, 16 healthy male and female athletes from the Franklin Pierce University lacrosse team performed a Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPETmax) until exhaustion on three separate occasions. They would wear: (1) conventional socks (CS); (2) wearing graduated compression socks (GCS); and (3) placebo socks (PS). It is expected that foot strike pattern will improve with GCS, in turn improving running economy, as previously stated in the hypothesis.

Particulate Matter Concentration in Southern New Hampshire
Anthony Barinelli

The Purple Air Monitor sensor was used to measure the concentration of particulate matter, which includes dust, dirt, soot, smoke and liquid droplets in the air. The Purple Air Monitor was installed in Jaffrey apartment complex, as well as a neighborhood home that had access of power outlet and wireless internet. The main data analyzed was collected at the neighborhood home. Wireless internet is used to report the concentration data in real time to the Purple Air Map. Air particle concentration of different sizes PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10.0 data were collected over a six month period, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week. The data were averaged hourly and analyzed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. It was observed that there was a higher concentration of different particle sizes during the morning and evening time of weekdays rather than the weekend Data also showed that there was a significant less amount of particulate matter when there was precipitation. This analysis indicates that the combustion of gasoline and diesel fuel from the vehicle is the major source of air pollution in Jaffrey.

Echinacea or Over the Counter Cold Medication: Which Proves more Effective in Treating the Common Cold?
Emily Dowd

No one likes to be stuck at home in bed with a cold. Colds are caused by viruses. Viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics, and therefore deciding on treatment of symptoms is left to the patient. Many cultures have their own remedies for the common cold, from chicken soup in America to a milk and turmeric mixture in India. Here in the United States, most people rely on over the counter medication to aid in managing symptoms and decreasing the duration of the common cold. However, some people prefer a more natural remedy and swear by the Echinacea. This herb derived from the coneflower has become popular in recent years, and is sold as a dietary supplement in many forms, such as tea, lozenges and pills. While over the counter cold remedies are regulated by the FDA, Echinacea is not. The purpose of this presentation is to explore the following question: how does Echinacea compare to over the counter cold medications in shortening the duration of common cold?